НЕУСТАЛЕНІСТЬ ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАМАТИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ РАННЬОВІЗАНТІЙСЬКОЇ ГРЕЦЬКОЇ МОВИ: ПРОЦЕСИ ТА ПРИЧИНИ

Abstract

Вackground. The article examines the peculiarities of the early Byzantine Greek language at the main levels of the language structure: phonetic, grammatical and lexical. Methods. Descriptive, comparative, lexico-grammatical and linguistic-historical analysis. Results. The phenomena of simplification, unification, mixing of generic features and interpenetration of paradigms in the name system are analyzed. In the verb system, the process of mixing perfect and aorist forms in the lexical-semantic and grammatical-morphological plan, the irregularity of the future tense system, significant fluctuations in the use of periphrastic constructions with future and perfect meaning, the spread of analytical form formation, the formation of lexical-grammatical verbalization of the species category can be traced. In the participle system, there is a mixing of gender and case forms, a loss of relative-temporal functional distinction; active participles acquire the functions of the gerund. In the system of syntax, the prepositional use of cases is narrowed, and as a result of morphological changes affecting the subjunctive and optative paradigms, the usual rules of hypotaxis change. It is noted that during this period, two directions of the development of the Greek language developed and were clearly defined: the literary one, with the preservation of Atticistic tendencies, and the non-literary one, which sought to further develop the vernacular language. Linguistic, social, historical and cultural causes of language phenomena of the early Byzantine era are noted. The lexicon of the first centuries of Byzantium was influenced by word-formation models of the Latin language, and later New European and Eastern ones, and consistently used ancient Greek composites, however, often violating the usual models of composite word formation of the classical period. Conclusions. The processes of the development of the Greek language of the early Byzantine era are described, a tendency to significant morphonological, lexicо-grammatical and functional-semantic changes in the noun and verb system, which are characterized by considerable instability, is observed.