Abstract
The Albanian and Greek languages have a diverse verbal system with a wide variety of tense and mood forms. This system in both languages has evolved from the Indo-European language where in some cases it has preserved some of its features and in other cases it has had an independent development in the respective languages. The verbs in both languages, Albanian and Greek, display a variety of grammatical forms which follow a certain paradigm when used in a sentence. These forms bear similarities either as a result of the common Indo-European source or as a result of the independent development of each language; still, there are also some differences. A general comparative overview of the verbal system in both languages, which identifies these similar features and differences, will be the subject of this article. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n6p103
Highlights
Albanian and Greek bear many similarities as well as peculiarities at the lexical and grammatical levels
Similar to other Indo-European languages the verbal inflexions in Albanian are re-organized according to the conjugation features, which are different from one language to the other regarding the details, all these languages have in common the fact that the verbs display a wide variety of grammatical forms according to a specific paradigm
In the classical period Greek, almost all verbs changed the initial sound of the stem in all forms of the past tense, so if the initial sound of the stem was a consonant, it was preceded by the vowel İ, if the initial sound of the stem was a vowel, the vowel had a longer duration
Summary
Albanian and Greek bear many similarities as well as peculiarities at the lexical and grammatical levels. The verbal system, the main grammatical level in both languages is quite rich in tense and mood forms This system has undergone significant changes as compared to the old Indo-European system. According to Klairis and Babiniotis (2004, 526), the role of the augment in Modern Greek is of a morpho-phonological character which helps to stress the verbs Another Indo-European element which has been avoided is the dual number, which was used for the nominal system and in Albanian we have the opposition singular – plural. The recorded Albanian verbal system has undergone significant changes both in terms of the types of conjugations and regarding the construction of the verbal stems, with regard to -mi conjugation, the old athematic conjugation, there are present only some verbs jam, kam and thom (Sh. Demiraj: 2002, 300). During the development of the Albanian verbal system, new forms were created to express other grammatical meanings as it is the admirative mood, or the non-finite form of the type pa punuar, which are not found in any of the Indo-European languages
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