Реакционная экструзия нанокомпозитов на основе этиленовых сополимеров и минеральных наполнителей

Abstract

The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of the temperature regime of reaction extrusion on the main physicomechanical characteristics of nanocomposites based on copolymers of ethylene with butylene and ethylene with hexene and natural minerals - clinoptilolite and vesuvian. The optimal temperature regime of extrusion of nanocomposites based on copolymers of ethylene and natural minerals was established. At a maximum extrusion temperature of 230 °C in the dosing zone, counterflow increases, which contributes to an increase in the residence time of the nanocomposite melt and, accordingly, to a decrease in extruder productivity. The possibility of mechanochemical synthesis of nanocomposites vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide on an extruder using monotreme technology has been proved. It was found that as a result of vulcanization of nanocomposites based on ethylene copolymers, a significant increase in the ultimate tensile stress and a decrease in the elongation at break are observed. With an increase in the maximum extrusion temperature in the extruder head to 230 °C, it does not lead to the appearance of a counterflow. At the same time, it was shown that with an increase in the temperature regime of extrusion of vulcanized nanocomposites over 200 °C, the time spent by the melt in the material cylinder practically does not undergo changes. A fundamental feature of the effect of chemical crosslinking with dicumyl peroxide on the processing process and the regularity of changes in the properties of nanocomposites are established. The probable mechanism of the vulcanization process in the melt of the polymer matrix and its selective effect on the reaction extrusion process, structural features and properties of nanocomposites are presented.