МЕТАЛЕВІ НЕСУЧІ І ГЕРМЕТИЗУЮЧІ КОНСТРУКЦІЇ ДЛЯ ПІДЗЕМНИХ ТА ЗАХИСНИХ СПОРУД

Abstract

The development of new technologies for the construction of multi-purpose protective structures reflects the current need to improve measures to protect civilian human and material resources (and dual purpose) and increase defense capability with the help of structures, buildings, storage and shelters. For a thorough assessment of known developments on this topic, a review of the history and achievements in the field of production and use of metal materials and structures in the construction of underground and protective structures was carried out, achievements and shortcomings were analyzed. The main attention was paid to the experience of large-tonnage production of cast iron tubing at the enterprises of the former USSR, as the closest to modern times of large-scale production with significant results, useful for study and improvement in design and technological directions. Since the sixties of the last century, 25,000 to 40,000 tons of cast iron tubing were produced annually in the former USSR for fastening underground structures of various purposes, including for protective and special facilities. Almost all the trunks of Metrobud, many trunks of the Ministry of Defense and other ministries of the former USSR constantly used cast iron tubing at their facilities. For the present time, the necessity and possibility of intensification of the construction of protective structures through the use of metal materials, in particular high-strength casting alloys, especially high-strength cast irons, as well as resource-efficient casting methods for the production of construction and protective segments or tubing, have been identified. The most suitable technology for such production of thin-walled lightweight metal products at the present time is the Lost Foam casting process, which, after improvements over the past decades, including thanks to 3D technologies and adaptation to the use of the latest alloys, has the potential to ensure the growth of both stationary and mobile construction protective structures.