Бідність в Україні: реалії сьогодення і прогнози щодо її подолання

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the problems of poverty in Ukraine and substantiate ways to overcome it. Analyzing, systematizing and generalizing the reporting data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the State Employment Service of Ukraine and other State-based institutions, the authors of the article reveal the situation with poverty of the population that occurred in the country as of the beginning of 2022, determine the impact on it of demographic factors, employment, wages, and social protection. The article highlights the problems of sharp deepening of poverty of the Ukrainian population, which is caused by the destruction of the national economy as a result of the unfolding of a full-scale war in the country. The components of incomes of the population in wartime are analyzed, in particular, wage payments, social benefits (pensions, unemployment benefits, aid to internally displaced persons, etc.). The situation with inflation in the country, the sharp growth of which led to a catastrophic decline in the incomes of Ukrainians, is examined. The forecast estimates for the short term on the dynamics of Ukraine’s GDP and inflation developed by international and domestic organizations, as well as by the government of the country, are considered and analyzed. This allowed to outline possible ways to reduce the poverty level of Ukrainians through the efficient use of financial assistance received from international organizations and different countries by directing it to restore the national economy at a new technological level. This is, first of all, the further development of the IT sphere, as well as the introduction and development of high-tech industries in Ukraine, which will be able to revive the labor market, expand it, increase tax revenues to the budget and increase incomes of Ukrainians, and therefore reduce the poverty of the population and return human capital to the country. Prospects for further research in this direction are further study of national economic policies of different countries to overcome poverty of the population.