Современные подходы к лабораторной диагностике аллергии — в помощь практикующему врачу

Abstract

The prevalence of allergic diseases in the population varies in different countries from 10 to 40%. Improving the quality of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic diseases is an urgent public health problem. The article deals with the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and diagnosis of allergic diseases. The main stages of allergy diagnosis include a number of specific and non-specific examination methods. In particular, the authors consider various methods of laboratory diagnostics, discuss the indications and contraindications, and the benefits and drawbacks of various diagnostic methods. Although skin testing conducted by an allergist is the gold standard for the diagnosis of allergies, it has several contraindications and limitations, in the presence of which it is possible to perform laboratory diagnostic methods in vitro. For laboratory tests, it is necessary to choose a laboratory that uses modern methods of the third generation with an accuracy of 0.1 kU/L to detect allergic reactions, starting with the first class of significance. However, despite the importance of laboratory diagnostic methods, the conclusion should be made only after comparing with the following: clinical picture, data of the allergic, pharmacolo gical and food history, results of instrumental studies and skin tests (in t he absence of contraindications to their use). KEYWORDS: atopy, allergy, laboratory diagnostics, immunochemiluminescence assay, skin test, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, dermato-pulmonary syndrome. FOR CITATION: Rybnikova E.A., Prodeus A.P., Fedoskova T.G. Modern laboratory diagnostic methods of allergy to help the practicing physician. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(1):43–49. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-1-43-49.