Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases in the population varies in different countries from 10 to 40%. Improving the quality of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic diseases is an urgent public health problem. The article deals with the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and diagnosis of allergic diseases. The main stages of allergy diagnosis include a number of specific and non-specific examination methods. In particular, the authors consider various methods of laboratory diagnostics, discuss the indications and contraindications, and the benefits and drawbacks of various diagnostic methods. Although skin testing conducted by an allergist is the gold standard for the diagnosis of allergies, it has several contraindications and limitations, in the presence of which it is possible to perform laboratory diagnostic methods in vitro. For laboratory tests, it is necessary to choose a laboratory that uses modern methods of the third generation with an accuracy of 0.1 kU/L to detect allergic reactions, starting with the first class of significance. However, despite the importance of laboratory diagnostic methods, the conclusion should be made only after comparing with the following: clinical picture, data of the allergic, pharmacolo gical and food history, results of instrumental studies and skin tests (in t he absence of contraindications to their use). KEYWORDS: atopy, allergy, laboratory diagnostics, immunochemiluminescence assay, skin test, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, dermato-pulmonary syndrome. FOR CITATION: Rybnikova E.A., Prodeus A.P., Fedoskova T.G. Modern laboratory diagnostic methods of allergy to help the practicing physician. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(1):43–49. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-1-43-49.
Highlights
Распространенность аллергических заболеваний неуклонно возрастает как в развитых, так и в развивающихся странах [1]
Подтип 1 — реагиновый, лежит в основе атопических заболеваний Subtype 1 — reagin; it is the basis of atopic diseases Подтип 2 — анафилактический, обусловленный в основном IgG подкласса 4 (IgG ), наблюдается при анафилактических реакциях Subtype 2 — anaphylactic; it is caused mainly by IgG subclass 4 (IgG4) and observed in anaphylactic reactions
Редакция благодарит компанию «ОМБ» за предоставление материалов об анализаторе «Иммулайт»
Summary
IgG (IgG подкласса 1, IgG подкласса 3) или IgM IgG (IgG subclass 1, IgG subclass 3) or IgM. Подтип 1 — реагиновый, лежит в основе атопических заболеваний Subtype 1 — reagin; it is the basis of atopic diseases Подтип 2 — анафилактический, обусловленный в основном IgG подкласса 4 (IgG ), наблюдается при анафилактических реакциях Subtype 2 — anaphylactic; it is caused mainly by IgG subclass 4 (IgG4) and observed in anaphylactic reactions. Подтип 1 — атопический ринит, атопический дерматит, атопическая бронхиальная астма Subtype 1 — atopic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, atopic asthma Подтип 2 — анафилактический шок, пищевая, инсектная, пыльцевая, лекарственная аллергия Subtype 2 — anaphylactic shock, food, insect, pollen, drug allergy. Атопический дерматит, анафилактический шок, сывороточная болезнь, уртикарный васкулит Atopic dermatitis, anaphylactic shock, serum reaction, urticarial vasculitis. Клинические проявления атопии весьма характерны и включают внешние признаки минимального персистирующего воспаления (атопический тип) 1. Признаки минимального персистирующего воспаления у больных атопией (атопический тип) (фотографии из архива автора)
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