Abstract
The gonadotropins, the luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) are the key regulators of the hypothalalamo-pituitary-gonad axis. Their synthesis and secretion are controlled by gonadoliberin, a hypothalamic releasing factor. However, in recent years, more attention has been focused on other regulators of the gonadotropins production, such as gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone, activins, inhibins, and follistatin. Along with this, it was shown that the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins can be controlled by adipokines — leptin and its functional antagonist adiponectin, which provide a close relationship between energy homeostasis and functional state of the reproductive system. The adipokines regulate the production of gonadotropins through both hypothalamic mechanisms and directly affecting the pituitary gonadotrophs. The review presents the modern advances in studying the regulatory effects and mechanisms of the action of gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone, activins, inhibins, follistatin, leptin and adiponectin on the production of gonadotropins and on reproductive functions dependent on them.
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