Культурні реалії в англомовному художньому дискурсі та особливості їх перекладу

Abstract

The article analyzes cultural realias in English language artistic discourse and peculiarities of their translation. Some of the manifestations of cultural labelling are realias that make up significant difficulties for translators. The concept of realia is clarified. Cultural-specific units include both realias and other designations of cultural-specific features, traditions and customs. Realia is considered as a unique object or phenomenon characteristic of one ethnic or linguistic community; a cultural equivalent of this object or phenomenon; a means of nominating the corresponding cultural equivalent in a language. Different scientists present many classifications of realias based on different principles. The most complete classification of realities was developed by S. Vlakhov and S. Florin, who propose to classify realities using their subject, local, temporary and translation divisions. The difficulties of translating realias are considered and relevant translation techniques are described. Strategies for the transfer of culturally specific units are distinguished. The problem of translating realias is one of the difficult issues of translation studies, which causes many differences and difficulties due to their form, features, word formation capabilities, as well as the borrowing mechanism and functioning as a borrowed word. The cultural content of the original text is determined by the presence of the realias that are typical for the bearers of the culture of the source language. Translation of realias requires a set of translation techniques that provide linguistic and cultural accommodation. The translator, who is responsible for the choice of translation strategy, largely determines the degree of reflection of cultural differences in translation. The translator must be able to recognize realias and make them understandable in the culture of the translation language. In order to correctly convey the realia, the translator needs to know exactly what this realia means and what background information is behind it. In addition, the peculiarities of translating cultural-specific units from English to Ukrainian are revealed. It is found out that the translation of realias in English-language artistic discourse implies using contextual analogue, hyperonymic substitution, calquing, transliteration and omission. The most frequent cases were contextual analog and hyperonymic substitution.