Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the origins and content of the kulturkampf policy initiated by the German Reich Chancellor in the 1870s. The Struggle for Culture played a decisive role not only in the formation of the Center party as one of the most influential political parties of the Reichstag in the second half of the 19th century, but also in the history of Germany as a whole. The political orientation of the first German Reich Chancellor towards the strong secular state controlling and limiting church structures was initially in favor of the empire united in 1871 and in line with the trends of the times. But the Reich Chancellors harsh, restrictive laws led to police arbitrariness and infringement on the Catholic population of the German Empire. The author identifies the main reasons that led to the persecution and repression of the Catholic minority of the German Empire. The problems of the unification of the German Empire, particularism, federalism, ultramontanism and confessional conflicts are considered in close connection with the topic under study. The research is based on the works of Russian and German researchers and on the legislative acts of Prussia and the German Empire. In addition, the materials of parliamentary debates presented in the verbatim records of the Reichstag and extracts from the memoirs of contemporaries of the event were used.
Highlights
The article is devoted to the analysis of the origins and content
policy initiated by the German Reich Chancellor in the 1870s
the Reich Chancellor's harsh, restrictive laws led to police arbitrariness and infringement on the Catholic population
Summary
Но самым большим достижением Бисмарка как талантливого политика и государственного деятеля, несомненно, можно считать создание единой Германской империи как сильного светского государства. Сквозь призму деятельности рейхсканцлера Бисмарка, так называемый «культуркампф» («борьба за культуру») является одним из наиболее ярких и дискуссионных событий этого периода, что определяет его значимость. XIX в., предметом – политика «культуркампфа» как программа давления правящих сил на оппозиционные структуры. Направленная на подавление влияния католической церкви и представлявшей ее в германском рейхстаге партии «Центр».
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