ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ АРБУСКУЛЯРНО-МИКОРИЗНЫХ ГРИБОВ НА ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННО ЦЕННЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ЛУКА РЕПЧАТОГО

Abstract

Allium cepa L. is one of the main vegetable crops. It is actively used in food industry and medicine. The biochemical composition of plants, both bulbs and green leaves, in different periods of growth changes depending on the variety, environmental and agrotechnical conditions of plant cultivation. Representatives of the genus Allium are highly sensitive to the presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in soil due to root development features. The aim of our work was to identify effective associations of AM fungi to increase the productivity and quality of onions in the conditions of southern chernozem. Pot and field experiments were carried out with associations of AM fungi and onion varieties from the collection of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea. The initial assessment of the AM fungi collection was conducted in the pot with a sterile substrate under artificial lighting conditions according to the intensity of mycorrhizal colonization and the accumulation of phytomass of the storage plant. Field studies were carried out on southern carbonate chernozem in 2019. It is established that the AM fungi association M9 significantly exceeds the referent in the arbuscules abundance by 13.3 %. Association 1–16 showed the most considerable abundance of vesicles, which was 11.1–13.3 % higher than other variants of this experiment. The dry mass of onion shoots had a significant increase of 11.719.7 mg per plant (38.865.8 %) from inoculation by associations AM S1-4, 1-16 and M9. The positive effect of the AM fungi association 1-16 on the accumulation of phytomass in the onset phase of bulb formation and onion productivity of the onion variety Yaltinskiy plus and line 11A with an increase by 0.690.8 g / plant (31.351.7 %) and 1.11.3 t / ha (14.114.9 %), respectively, and an increase in the content of ascorbic acid by 18.524.4 % to the variant without treatment are shown.