СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИДЕЙ В. И. НЕСМЕЛОВА И С. Л. РУБИНШТЕЙНА

Abstract

The problem of the study was determined by the poor coverage of the religious and philosophical stage in the development of Russian psychology. A large number of studies in the field of the history of psychology, restoring historical justice and referring to the works of religious philosophers and psychologists of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, do not show the continuity of views with modern scientific concepts. The article presents for comparison the psychological ideas of the outstanding representative of religious and philosophical psychology, Viktor Nesmelov, and the representative of Soviet psychology, the author of fundamental works on general psychology, Sergei Rubinstein. As an object of research, we used the main psychological categories that are most often found in the works of both authors. The study uses the method of the cluster analysis of the semantic content of the psychological categories «Consciousness», «Self-awareness», «Personality» and «Worldview» in the works of the authors. As a result of the analysis, a successive connection of ideas in the field of the unity of the human psyche was established, which is considered by the both authors in the integrated manner, in the unity of the mental and physical. In the works of the Soviet scientist and religious philosopher, a person is endowed with a free-rational will and moral values, consciousness is viewed as a continuous and integral process that ensures the unity of mental activity. However, spiritual values are being replaced by social morality in the Soviet period, which emphasizes the reliance on the activity approach. The practical significance of the results is determined by the presence of a scientific need to identify the patterns of continuity of ideas in personality psychology and the search for new foundations for methodology when constructing personality theories that explain all the variety of mental phenomena.