Ограничение двигательной активности и синтез белка в постуральных и локомоторных мышцах

Abstract

With urbanization, automation and mechanization of labor, a difficult epidemiological situation and self-isolation, the level of daily physical activity in a modern person decreases. The aim of the study was to study the effect of restricted activity on protein synthesis in postural and locomotor muscles. An experiment with restricted activity for 21 days was carried out on Wistar rats. The intensity of protein synthesis and anabolic signaling pathways were studied in the soleus muscle (m. soleus), which mainly consists of slow fibers, and the long extensor digitorum of the fingers (m. EDL), mainly consists of fast fibers. The mass of m. soleus and m. EDL was reduced, and a significant decrease in protein synthesis was observed only in m. EDL. There was also a decrease in the phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein only in the fast muscle. At the same time, а GSK3β phosphorylation was decreased in m. soleus, in contrast to m. EDL. Markers of proteolysis have been studied. In the experiment, a decrease in the MuRF-1 expression in m. soleus and Atrogin-1/MAFbx expression in m. EDL was observed, as well as an increase in the expression of calpains in m. soleus. Thus, atrophic processes are associated with restricted activity in fast and slow muscle by different signaling mechanisms.