Оценка качественных признаков древесины в селекционных программах (краткий обзор современной литературы)

Abstract

The literature review concerning wood quality traits measuring in forest tree breeding programs is given. Methods of wood density measuring by Pilodin and different types of Resistograph are shortly described. Comparison study to measure Scots pine wood density by Pilodin and Resistograph revealed that Resistograph provide more precise wood density data than Pilodin. Method of measuring of wood stiffness an important wood mechanical property using acoustic velocity data is characterized. There is relationship between distortion of lumber and grain angle of wood fibers. Grain angle, i.e. spiral grain, refers to the degree of helical deviation from longitudinal arrangement of wood fibers. It can be measured with a wedge grain angle gauge hammered into a stem of a standing tree. It is shown, that microfibril angle (MFA), referring to the deviation of cellulose microfibrils in the layer of the secondary cell wall from the long axis of cell, is the main determinant of the mechanical properties of wood. There is shortly described the system of instruments with linked software (SilviScan), the main components of this system are optical cell scanner (for measurement of fiber size), X-ray densitometer (density profile and others) and X-ray diffractometer (microstructure traits). A minor negative relationship between growth and wood quality traits is noted, so the index selection is recommended under realization of tree breeding program. Some examples of genomic selection in tree breeding programs for wood quality are given.