СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ОПУХОЛЕВЫХ И ОПУХОЛЕПОДОБНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ У КОШЕК

Abstract

The paper provides an overview of the classification and diagnosis of feline mammary tumors (FMT) in cats. The clinical stage of neoplastic process is one of the driving prognostic factors. In accordance with the WHO recommendations 1980, it is determined by the TNM system: the size of neoplasm, the state of regional lymph nodes and the presence/absence of distant metastases. The clinical stage of the disease is defined based on the obtained data during the examination, surgery and study of the postoperative material (excised tumor, the edges of the resection and regional lymph nodes). It was found that tumors larger than 3 cm have a significantly worse prognosis than tumors smaller than 3 cm. The median survival with a tumor size of less than 3 cm is 1.75 times greater (21 months versus 12 months) than with a tumor size of more than 3 cm. The most significant morphological prognostic factor is the histological type of malignant tumor and the histological gradation of tumor tissue. Among carcinomas, the most invasive are micropapillary, solid and cribriform carcinomas, the most unaggressive is carcinoma in situ. Adverse prognostic factors of mammary cancer in cats are a high Ki67 index of proliferative activity, hyperexpression of Her-2 epidermal growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, absence or low level of expression of receptors to estrogen and/or progesterone by tumor cells (less than 10%), as well as a high level of expression by tumor cells of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor).