Оцінка врожайних та адаптивних властивостей нових сортів пшениці м’якої озимої

Abstract

Goal. To determine the productivity and assess the adaptability of soft winter wheat varieties and to identify the genotypes most adapted to the agroecological conditions of the microzone, which are capable of producing a high yield under favorable conditions and minimally reducing it under dry conditions. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative, statistical, calculation, and analysis. Results. The non-stability of productivity indicators over the years was established, which was due to the contrast of weather and climate conditions in the most important periods of the ontogenesis of winter wheat. Under different variable conditions and the action of abiotic factors of the environment, the investigated varieties had different agrobiological characteristics and differed in productivity and adaptability. The most adapted to the extreme conditions of the microzone were the varieties Feofaniya, Nordika, SN Combin, Mudrist Odeska, and Nasnaha. Their performance exceeded the performance of the standard variety and the averages in the experiment. It was established that each variety was characterized by a certain genetic level of drought resistance. According to this property, the studied varieties can be divided into 3 groups. When evaluating the adaptive properties of genotypes, the tolerance of plants to drought becomes an important feature, and the drought and heat resistance index is one of the main factors in the selection of varieties for certain microzones and territories. Differentiation of genotypes by winter and frost resistance was noted. It was the best among the varieties Podolianka, Askaniiska, Nasnaha, Obriad, Nordika, and Mudrist Odeska. The majority of studied varieties belonged to above-average and high groups of winter hardiness. Conclusions. Genotypes with the greatest degree of adaptation to the conditions of the subzone were identified. Feofaniya, Nordika, SN Combin, Nasnaha, and Mudrist Odeska varieties can maximize their genetic potential and natural capabilities in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, based on a combination of productivity, adaptability, and agronomic value. They have the prospect of becoming the basis of the varietal composition for agricultural enterprises and farmers of the zone.