ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОДНОНИТОЧНОЙ СХЕМЫ РАССТАНОВКИ КАПЕЛЬНИЦ ПРИ ОРОШЕНИИ МНОГОЛЕТНИХ ДРЕВЕСНЫХ ПЛОДОВЫХ САДОВ

Abstract

Purpose: to study the single-cut layout of emitters in the feed zone of woody plants for compliance with the requirements of perennial orchards. Materials and methods. In the course of the work, an analytical study of single-cut schemes for placing emitters in gardens with planting schemes of 4.0 × 1.5 was carried out; 4.0 × 2.0; 5.0 × 3.0 m under conditions of light and heavy loamy, light clayey soils. The assessment of the conformity of emitters arrangement schemes was carried out according to the criteria “the proportion of the moistening zone from the feed zone” and “the minimum distance from the emitter to the tree trunk”. When determining the parameters of the schemes for placing emitters in the garden, a method to predict the location and planned dimensions of soil moisture contours was used. Results. In the course of the study, it was found that the use of a single irrigation module with one emitter for each tree under the considered technological and soil conditions will make it possible to moisten from 2 to 12 % of the feed zone, this does not correspond to the required moisture coefficient (10–50 %). The use of two emitters for each plant, depending on the position of trees and the type of soil, will make it possible to moisten from 4 to 24 % of the feed zone, which indicates their applicability for planting schemes of 4.0 × 1.5 m and denser on heavy by mechanical composition soils. The use of an odd number of emitters (but more than one) in a single-cut irrigation module is not allowed, since one of them will be located directly near the tree trunk (closer than 0.2 m). Conclusions. A single irrigation module in the studied soil and technological conditions does not meet the needs of perennial horticultural crops according to the considered criteria and is not recommended for drip irrigation of perennial orchards in the southern climatic zone.