Определение количества капельных водовыпусков и их расположение в зоне питания плодовых культур

Abstract

The purpose of study is to develop a method for determining the number of droppers required for drip irrigation of each tree in the garden and to evaluate their location patterns in the fruit crop feeding zone. The following criteria were adopted: the share of irrigated area from the feeding one should meet the needs of the cultivated crop, the number of droppers should be determined for each tree in the garden, the distance between the drip droppers and the tree trunk should be at least 0.2 m. As a result of the research, a multifactorial dependence was proposed to determine the required number of droppers, which takes into account the crop types, climatic conditions, crop planting pattern parameters, the required depth of soil moisture and the soil characteristics of the garden plot. Using the proposed method, the drip irrigation module parameters were calculated for three options of an apple garden planting 4.0 × 1.5 m, 4.0 × 2.0 m and 5.0 × 3.0 m on light, medium and heavy soils according to their mechanical composition. As a result of the calculation, it was found that in the considered combinations of soil conditions and crop planting patterns, from 2 to 12 droppers would be required for each tree. According to the results of the calculation, it can be stated that under the considered conditions, a single-line irrigation module cannot form a humidifi cation zone, which horizontal projection area corresponds to the needs of apple gardens. In eight of the nine combinations considered, the use of a double-line irrigation module is preferable. It should also be noted that on light soils, with the maximum of the considered feeding area (planting pattern 5.0 × 3.0 m), a two-line irrigation module cannot form a moistening zone with the required area in the soil space. In this case, it is necessary to use irrigation modules that provide for the use of special irrigation devices or the droppers location on branches from the main pipeline.