ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ЗАПИЛЕННЯ ПЛОДОВО-ЯГІДНИХ КУЛЬТУР САДУ ІЗ ЗАЛУЧЕННЯМ РІЗНИХ ВИДІВ КОМАХ

Abstract

The purpose of the research – to study the mutual existence of different types of insects competing for food sources and involved in garden crops. Methods and materials. The research was carried out on garden crops (cherry plum, apricot, cherry, pear, domestic apple) using honey bees, bumblebees, and osmium under the influence of temperature on the efficiency of pollination in the forest-steppe of the Kyiv region. Results. The organization of pollination of the main garden crops by insects begins with cherry plum, apricot, and cherry, the honey productivity of which is 40 kg/ha. Temperature fluctuations and unfavorable weather conditions do not allow honey bees to pollinate effectively, so other insect species more adapted to abnormal climate changes were used. The use of osmia, bumblebees, and honey bees for pollination was more effective since they complement each other due to different flight modes and different food requirements. Bumblebees and osmia fly out to collect food before honeybees, and they can also collect nectar with a sugar content within 4%, and bees prefer nectar with a content of 50-60%, but not less than 16-18%. When weather conditions improve, more flowers bloom, the nectar thickens, and as a result, the mobilization of the honey bee increases, which with its numbers covers the plant’s need for pollination. Conclusions. The simultaneous use of honey bees, osmia and bumblebees for the pollination of fruit and berry crops makes it possible to obtain an ovary on cherry plum of 86.8%, which is 11.2% more than when using only bees as pollinators; on apricot - 39.2% ( + 10.8%), cherries – 35.7% (+23.3%), pears – 64.8% (+29.2%), plums – 78.4% (+36.1%), domestic apple trees – 78.9 (+16.7%). Keywords. Honey bee, bumblebee, osmia, pollination, cherry plum, apricot, cherry, pear, plum, domestic apple tree.