Социальные ожидания постсоветских руководителей в условиях возрождения института предпринимательства в России

Abstract

The article analyses psychological issues of reviving and developing entrepreneurship in Russia during the transitional period of social development. We provide the outcomes of a series of studies of psychological problems of ownership change and the rise of the new Russian entrepreneurship. The transition to a market economy in the early 1990s led to the emergence of new forms of property relations, which the majority of Russians were not ready for. A particularly glaring psychological problem was the specific administrative experience which had developed during the Soviet years and made post-Soviet executives unprepared for survival in a free market. The revival of entrepreneurship as an institute psychologically perplexed a significant part of executives. This was due to the uncertainty of the vectors of socio-economic development, which caused a mismatch of social expectations and shaped controversial psychological relationships. The attitude of post-Soviet executives to their future economic activity are considered here within the context of the theory of psychological attitudes (developed by V. P. Poznyakov) as personal attitudes. In this vein, these attitudes represent the views of post-Soviet executives on various conditions and aspects of the socio-economic transformation, attitudes to themselves as its subjects and to representatives of other social groups they are linked with by economic and other ties. Thus, psychological relations between subjects of economic activity, on the one hand, reflect the objective economic conditions and are shaped by changes in these conditions. On the other hand, by regulating economic behavior and, above all, the business activity of the subject, they themselves become factors of change of these conditions. This makes them predictors of real economic relations and a source of social development. Our historical and psychological analysis of the revival of entrepreneurship in Russia helped us conclude that the rise of the new Russian business was accompanied by a number of emotionally charged psychological difficulties, which effectively marked the emergence of a new social group in contemporary Russian society. They are the bearers of new life values which have persisted and are being spread and transmitted at present.