Abstract
The article examines the cultural and spiritual context of the idea of responsibility. Medieval jewish philosophy continued the traditions of ancient greek and early medieval thought in Europe in the sense that a person needs to turn to an active intellect, to rise above the empirical passions. Based on the ideas of Maimonides and Ibn Gabirol, it is established that a person should be responsible not only for his actions, but also for his thoughts. The mundane, the earthly, contains something higher than "necessary being". When people act spiritually, they reduce the distance between themselves and God. If the people are constantly striving for the new, it is a sign of their fatigue. What is new is that people want an end to slavery. But man lives by the future, by faith in the Saviour-king. The peoples of Russia can't be satisfied with an abstract future. Their power of being is determined by the solution of ethical and social problems.
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