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Abstract
The effect of cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants and magnetic nanocomposites including magnetite and analyzed surfactants on the size of floccule aggregates in a bentonite clay suspension has been studied. Magnetic nanocomposites (MN) were synthesized using the Rene Massart technique and studied by dynamic light scattering. At a concentration of 10 g/dm3, the magnetite particles had an average size of d = 50.8 nm and were negatively charged ζ = -40.6 mV, which indicates a high aggregative stability of Fe3O4 particles. The effect of the various nature surfactants concentration and magnetic nanocomposites based on them on the sedimentation stability of a bentonite clay suspension with varying pH under the influence of an external magnetic field was analyzed at the quantitative level in the mode of constrained sedimentation. The concentration region in which surfactant additives of various nature cause acceleration of sedimentation of bentonite clay has been determined. The appearance of differences in the values of flocculating activity with varying pH of the medium is due to a change in the structure of the double electric layer around bentonite clay particles. In the highly alkaline pH region (pH = 12), the value of flocculating activity with the participation of the MN-C sample at C = 75 × 10-2% is 4.25 times higher than that of the MN-A sample, which is due to the neutralization coagulation of particles due to a decrease in their surface charge and electrokinetic potential due to adsorbing CTAB cations in the MN-C. It should be noted that molecular binding is possible not only at the moment of interaction of bentonite clay particles with the formed adsorbed layer, but also during the gradual formation of the surface layer during the interaction of aggregates of macromolecules with the surface of bentonite clay particles. An increase in the compaction constant for systems involving magnetic nanocomposites was noted compared with a suspension of bentonite clay without additives. The research results presented in this paper can be applied to control the properties of multicomponent dispersed systems involving magnetic nanocomposites.
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