Конструирование социальной роли ученого: от профессиональных компетенций к решению глобальных задач

Abstract

Who is a modern employee in the field of research and development – a representative of one of the many professions or a carrier of a special social role? The authors of the article try to answer this question by analyzing the normative, framework and strategic documenta­tion designed to bring uniformity to the educational practices of future scientists and the sys­tem of professional qualifications. It is shown that starting from the lecture of M.M. Weber, in which he stated that the activity of a scientist is no longer built in accordance with the so­cial model of vocation, but is normalized as a profession among other professions, it is con­sidered that research work requires the formation of special knowledge and skills of a future scientist. The framework documents developed by the efforts of the countries of the Euro­pean Union, representing the system of research competencies and their development, as well as UNESCO documents that set the foundations of the legal and social status of a re­searcher, form a different image of a scientist. It correlates with such trends in the develop­ment of science as the expansion of interdisciplinary research, and such trends in education and staffing in various fields as the strengthening of the importance of not narrow special, but universal skills and competencies. As an important component of universal competencies, the authors emphasize agency – social and socio-political entrepreneurship. The conformity of normative documentation and real practice is critically analyzed, limitations and problems are identified that hinder the realization of the social role of a scientist as responsible not only for individual consequences of scientific discoveries and technical inventions, but for the devel­opment of society as a whole and, therefore, called upon to actively participate in dialogue with various social actors, making various decisions and developing public consensus.