ОСНОВИ БІРЖОВОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ НА ШЛЯХУ ДО ВИХОДУ НА СВІТОВІ ЗЕРНОВІ РИНКИ

Abstract

The role of the commodity exchange as an element of development of agricultural domestic and international commodity markets is considered in the article. The definition of the essence of exchange trade by scientists is analyzed. As the commodity exchange is one of the forms of wholesale trade organization, the main stages of development of the exchange market in Ukraine were briefly considered. It is determined that despite a quite thorough study of exchange activities, there is a need for further study of the essence, role and content of the commodity exchange as an element of deve-lopment of international commodity markets. Thus, the exchange becomes an important corridor for Ukrainian exporters to enter world markets, which is one of the main price guidelines. Statistical information about the number and structure of exchanges by specialization is studied, their characteristics are given and the role in the development of the exchange market of Ukraine is shown. It was found that every year the number of exchanges, trying to operate in the commodity derivatives market and using agricultural products, decreases. The main factors for the inefficient functioning of agricultural exchanges in Ukraine are: firstly, the lack of interest of agricultural producers to sell on exchanges; secondly, low demand in the exchange market of agricultural products; thirdly, the lack of practice in futures contracts and options trading, and so on. Current trends in the development of the international commodity exchange market are identified. It was revealed that Ukraine is one of the main players in the international grain trade market, increasing production and export volumes annually. It was revealed that the main factors of effective activity of commodity exchanges are hedging instruments. The situation regarding the production and sale for export of grain agricultural products is analyzed. The main indicators of attracting agricultural products to world commodity trade are the growth of gross domestic product and growth of the agricultural production index. It was determined that the world exchange market is a dynamic structure that takes place in accordance with the growing and renewed needs of foreign countries, the growth of international trade standards, which is effective for Ukrainian farmers.