О математической модели и схеме замещения трансформатора (критический анализ общепринятой теории)

Abstract

The article considers the importance of studying the mathematical model and equivalent circuit of the transformer due to the fact that transformers are the most important link in any electric power system, including control and operation systems for marine fishing and transport vessels and stationary marine technological complexes. The generally accepted theory of transformers is analyzed, and erroneous conclusions and statements complicating, and in some cases distorting the essence and interconnection of electromagnetic interactions in the device, are pointed out. In particular, the introduction of voltage into the Kirchhoff equation for the secondary winding Ů2, along with the presence of EMF in it Ė2, creates the illusion that the secondary winding of the transformer has its own independent power source. This illusion is enhanced by the physical and logical scheme, clearly indicating that Ů2, being in the load zone, it generates a current İ2. In fact, the declarative statement that the magnetic fluxes of the primary and secondary windings are connected in coordination is also erroneous. This leads to a number of erroneous conclusions. The exclusion from the mathematical model of magnetic fluxes induced by winding currents isolated from each other does not allow one to analyze the influence of electromagnetic processes in the secondary winding on the processes in the primary. These and a number of other provisions and conclusions in the generally accepted theory necessitate its critical analysis and exclusion. There are proposed different from the generally accepted approaches to the formation of a mathematical model and equivalent circuit of transformers, which lead to their significant composition and content.