Сорта яблони селекции ВНИИСПК как источники и доноры хозяйственно ценных признаков

Abstract

Brief descriptions of economically valuable characteristics of 45 apple varieties breeding in All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding are given in this article. Long-term study of varieties allowed to revealed from a large set of varieties donors and sources of valuable traits. The varieties Afrodita, Bolotovskoe, Veniaminovskoe, Vostorg, Zdorovie, Ivanovskoe, Kandil Orlovsky, Kurnakovskoe, Orlovskoe Polesie, Pamiati Hitrovo, Svezhest, Sozvezdie, Solnyshko, Stroevskoe and Jubiley Moskvy have been selected as donors of immunity to scab. The varieties Vostorg, Girlianda, Orlovskaya Yesenia, Poezia and Priokskoe have been selected as donors of columnar tree habit. The varieties Bolotovskoe, Veteran, Girlianda, Imrus, Orlik, Ranneye Aloe, Sozvezdie, Sokovinka and Yubiley Moskvy can be sources of higher winter hardiness. Columnar apple varieties of the Institute as well as Veteran, Svezhest and Utrennya Zvezda are sources of high productivity. The varieties Blagodat, Zhelannoe, Morozovskoe, Orlovskoe Polosatoe, Pamiat Voinu and Slavianin are high marketable qualities of fruit; the varieties Afrodita, Blagodat, Veniaminovskoe, Veteran, Orlik, Osipovskoe, etc. are high taste qualities of fruit; Veteran, Imrus, Kulikovskoe and Svezhest are durable fruit storage; the varieties Zarianka, Pepin Orlovsky, Veteran, Ivanoskoe and Vita are higher content of ascorbic acid in fruit (14,5-21,4 mg/100 g); the varieties Afrodita, Radost Nadezhdy, Bolotovskoe, Vita, Kandil Orlovsky, Pamiati Hitrovo, Pamit Semakinu, Utrenya Zvezda and Chistotel are high content of P-active substances in fruit (over 450 mg/100 g); the varieties Bolotovskoe, Orlovim, Orlinka, Osipovskoe, Priokskoe, Rozhdestvenskoe, Girlianda and Vostorg are sources of variety suitability for juice production. Some of these varieties have already been successfully used in Russia and a number of other countries as donors or sources for the creation of varieties of new generation.