Модель диет-индуцированного экспериментального сахарного диабета у лабораторных песчанок и дегу

Abstract

According to the latest data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the number of patients with diabetes has outpaced previously predicted growth rates and is expected to increase by 51% by 2045. Thus, the development and evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of hypoglycemic agents is an urgent task due to the high social significance of the problem. In preclinical studies there are many models of experimental diabetes mellitus in animals, both with the use of chemical inducers that cause damage to the islet apparatus of the pancreas, and with the use of diets. Accor­ding to the literature data, gerbils and degus are prone to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance when fed on standard laboratory diets, which are relatively high in calories compared to the food obtained by these animals in their natural habitat. Due to this feature the experimental induction of diabetes mellitus in these animal species can be modeled only through the use of a high-calorie diet. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis. Male and female gerbils of two age categories (14–20 and 40–41 weeks), as well as male and female degus, whose age was 65–70 weeks, were used as experimental animals. During the experiment the following indicators were evaluated: the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea in blood plasma, the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase type 4 (DPP-4) and the parameters of the glucose tolerance test. Based on the totality of all experimental data a state close to pre-diabetic was established in male and female degus fed on a high-carbohydrate diet. This conclusion was made due to an increase in the activity of the DPP-4 enzyme and the presence of glucose tolerance by the 12th week of the experiment. The induction of experimental diabetes mellitus or latent diabetes mellitus using high-calorie diets failed in the majority of experimental animals (gerbils and degus) regardless of age. The obtained results are suggestive of the motivation for the use of these experimental models for the creation of experimental diabetes.