Селекционная ценность мутантных форм ярового ячменя в условиях Волго-Вятского региона

Abstract

Many crops have a very small genetic “base”. The use of a limited number of parental forms reduces the genetic diversity of commercial varieties and exacerbates the problem of their resistance to adverse environmental factors. Induced mutagenesis is one of the means to generate genetic variation in crops in a shorter time compared to crosses and can be used to develop source material for breeding and new varieties with high yields, excellent product quality, resistance to climate change and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of the research is to evaluate mutant forms of spring barley for economic characters based on competitive variety testing data, to identify sources of breeding valuable traits for further use as source material in breeding. The research was carried out in 2021–2023 at the FARC of the North-East, Kirov. The object of research were nine mutant samples and variety Pamyati Dudina, created at the Vyatka State Agrotechnological University through the influence of various combinations of mutant factors on the seeds of spring barley variety Bios 1. During the research period a comprehensive study of mutant forms of spring barley was conducted in the nursery of competitive variety testing. The conducted research has confirmed the possibility of obtaining beneficial mutations on barley crop as a result of application of chemical and physical low-toxic and safe factors. Stress-resistant mutant forms capable of stable yield in both favorable and unfavorable years have been identified: M 4–10, M 5–3, M 9–5–3 and M 6–10. The conducted research has shown that all the studied mutant forms are characterized by a complex of breeding-valuable traits and are a valuable source material for the creation of new varieties of spring barley for the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region. However, it is necessary to include them in crosses with lodging resistant genotypes.