Методологічні особливості розрахунків доз добрив у сівозміні на осушуваних органогенних ґрунтах

Abstract

The purpose. To determine efficiency of methods of calculation of doses of fertilizers and features of formation of optimum nutritive regimen of drained organogenic soils using scientifically justified norms of importation of fertilizers depending on techniques which consider characteristics of these soils and cultivated crops. Methods. Field with complex of biometric, agrochemical and laboratory researches, mathematical-statistical. Results. Formation of nutritive regimen of soil and productivity of crops in crop rotation on drained organogenic soils depending on methods of calculation of doses of fertilizers is considered. Agrochemical and economic assessment is made, the priority methods which can be used in production on drained organogenic soils are certained. Conclusions. Analysis and assessment of calculation of importation of fertilizers on increase of yield and planned productivity in view of the content of nutrients in soil have shown that use of existing methods of calculation of doses of fertilizers in system of exact farming agriculture on drained organogenic soils causes application of overestimated doses of fertilizers. The greatest productivity of long-term grass mixtures of the first and second years of growing (8,2 and 9,4 t/hectare of dry mass), winter rye (5,25 t/1 hectare) and corn for grain (8,39 t/hectare) was gained at importation of doses of the fertilizers gained on the basis of data of the analysis of long researches. Such doses of fertilizers ensured the greatest increase of yield per unit of fertilizer. Economic assessment of doses of the fertilizers calculated by various methods has shown that the lowest cost price of the gained yield and the greatest conditional-net profit, as well as the level of profitableness of cultivated crops, was in sowings with importation of fertilizers calculated on the basis of the analysis of data, gained in long researches.