Abstract
It has been established that when the diesel engine is overloaded, the smokiness of the exhaust gases increases. This indicator is affected by the configuration of the unit, incorrectly selected operating mode, existing violations in the regulation and operation of the fuel equipment. The results of a comparative analysis of ways to increase the indicators of domestic and foreign-made diesel engines of tractors and cars, which are in the conditions of ordinary operation of Ukrainian enterprises of various forms of ownership, are presented. Changes in fuel efficiency indicators and environmental indicators of diesel tractors and machine-tractor units were analyzed. As an example, the operation of the ND-22/6B4 high-pressure fuel pump, the SMD-62 diesel engine, and the T-150K tractor was considered. Research and observation of the technique was carried out over a long period. The historical aspect of the development of this topic is given to show the dynamics and focus attention on more effective ways of increasing the indicators of tractors and cars in ordinary conditions of operation and their use. The mentioned questions about the analysis of the design and functioning of modern tractors of foreign production are considered. It was found that the increased smoke of exhaust gases also occurs when the diesel engine is boosted by excessive fuel supply. To reduce smoke, it is possible to use modernized regulators of high-pressure fuel pumps. Methods of regulating the number of revolutions of auto-tractor diesels are proposed by introducing into the design of the fuel pump regulator two-mode, all-mode and single-mode regulators with correction of intermediate characteristics in pairs or jointly with a smoke limiter and a negative corrector.
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