ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ КОСМІЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД ТА ВІТЧИЗНЯНА ПРАКТИКА

Abstract

Defects in the legal regulation of space transport due to the lack of its definition in the Basic Laws of Ukraine "On Transport" and "On Space Activities" were revealed. The author's definition of space transport as a field of transport, which ensures the satisfaction of the needs of the state, business entities and the population in launching satellites and spaceships, carrying out passenger and cargo space transportation for the purpose of realizing defense, scientific research, economic and commercial purposes, is substantiated. Space transport is proposed to include objects of space activity (launchers, spacecraft, booster blocks and other objects intended for launch into space), as well as space infrastructure (spaceports, aviation-space missile complexes), which provides ground and air launch of space objects, their launch into Earth orbit of various altitudes, space flight and return of spacecraft to Earth. It is shown that space transport, in accordance with international treaties on outer space, is included in the sphere of its "use". In order to create sources of compensation for damages caused by a space object on the Earth's surface or aircraft in flight, world practice has developed "space" insurance mechanisms. Ukraine offers four main insurance products for space activities. Despite the existence of a legal framework for space insurance, it remains a "fiction", since the stipulated norms "do not work", including due to the administrative approach to the formation of insurance tariffs, which does not correspond to market conditions. A quantitative assessment of the state of development of space transport was carried out, a conclusion was made about: a limited circle of individuals - micro-entrepreneurial subjects working in the industry; the small amount of services provided; low share of added value. It is substantiated that the institutional structure of providing space transport services restrains the existing technical and technological potential of Ukraine in this field and requires the involvement of budgetary resources, funds of international financial organizations and big business in the field.