Значимость комплексной оценки селекционных индексов и параметров стрессоустойчивости сортов озимой ржи

Abstract

Abstract. Among grain crops, winter rye is one of the most popular crops, well adapted to the conditions of the North-West. Currently, most breeders use various selection indices in conjunction with the definition of stress resistance. Purpose. The aim is to study the collection samples of winter rye by yield and elements of the productivity structure and to identify the most adaptive for breeding in the conditions of the North-Western region. Methods. The experimental part was carried out at the VIR pilot site during 2018-2021 located in the North-Western region. The following were determined: Mexican index (Mx), Canadian index (Ki), linear ear density index (LPC), plant productivity index (IPR), Finnish-Scandinavian index (FSj), prospects index (J.P), index of the ratio of the mass of 1000 grains to the number of grains in the ear (j). The calculation of stress resistance parameters was carried out using the following indicators: stress resistance (Ymin- Y max), genetic flexibility (Ymin+Ymax)/2, stability of the variety (Ymin/Ymax), stress resistance coefficient (Kst.) was determined by A.A. Bykov. Results. The best conditions for the formation of yields were in 2020 and 2021 (Ij = +2.03; +1.8). In 2018 and 2019 – unfavorable (Ij = -1.3; -2.5). The maximum yield was obtained in 2020 in diploid rye varieties: Ophelia (10.3 t/ha) and Yaselda (9.0 t/ha), in tetraploid varieties Siberia 4. The results of these studies showed that the greatest advantage have variety: Siberia (Ʃ rank= 41), Eureka (Ʃ rank=55), ilmenite (Ʃ rank= 55), Ophelia (Ʃ rank=56), Siberia 4 (Ʃ rank= 58), Verisim (Ʃ rank= 59). Scientific novelty lies in the study of 12 varieties – seven diploids and five tetraploid winter rye. Thanks to the evaluation of varieties, they are divided according to the reaction of varieties to the environmental condition, stress-resistant and non-resistant.