Обзор солнечной энергетики Германии и Казахстана: политика, текущее состояние и перспектива

Abstract

Every year, the development of the solar industry is accelerating due to lower technology prices and industry decarbonizing issues. The article discusses the experience of deploying the solar industry in Germany and Kazakhstan. The article based on an analytical study of the current state and policy in the field of solar energy. Data for analysis taken from official reports of the International Energy Agency (IEA), the German Federal Ministry for Economics and Climate Protection (BMWK), the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and peer-reviewed literature. According to the analysis, the potential of solar energy around the world is huge. Due to the constant development of technology and cheaper prices, in the future, solar energy may become the primary source of electricity for many countries. For Germany, solar energy, as well as whole RES, are not only a source of electricity, but also a mechanism that ensures the country's energy security. For Kazakhstan, solar energy is a tool for the decarbonizing of energy sector. In order to reduce carbon emissions and introduce renewable sources to the level of Germany, Kazakhstan now needs to take transformative measures: modernize electrical networks and equipment, develop legislative regulation and incentives that allow the deployment of all types of solar technologies, ensure flexible capacities and create its own production of solar panels.