Abstract
The relevance of the problem of the combined course of chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is due to the high prevalence of this comorbid pathology, the frequent development of complications and adverse prognosis. Pathophysiological mechanisms of CHF and DM development include a number of pathological processes: neurohumoral activation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, structural and functional disturbance of the extracellular matrix, damaging effect of hyperglycemia, and atherogenesis. Biomarkers are involved in the development of these processes, and determination of their content in the blood serum of patients contributes to the early diagnosis of CHF progression in patients with diabetes and the development of complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. This review systematizes recent literature data on the main mechanisms of CHF and DM development and the role of biomarkers in these mechanisms — aldosterone, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factors, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase-2, which can be used for early diagnosis of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with CHF and DM.
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