Критика «технотронной цивилизации» у П.П. Гайденко в аспекте немецкой культуркритики

Abstract

Piama Pavlovna Gaidenko is most often referred to as a brilliant historian of phi­losophy, the author of the original concept of the evolution of science, but her work clearly shows interest in ontological and “existentialist” topics, which sug­gests the existence of a certain coherent philosophical project that demonstrates elements of the Christian worldview. Dealing with the issues of the genesis of European rationality, Gaidenko as philosopher was always guided by the task of overcoming the “paradigm of thinking” that was born at the beginning of the Modernity and was associated with the figure of a knowing and creative “subject” who denies the complexity and multidimensionality of the world, who undertakes to rebuild in a revolutionary way. To put an end to the dominance of “deontologized subjectivism”, leading to anthropological, ecological and other crises, is possible only through the restoration of the damaged reputation of ra­tio, through a new understanding of the collision of knowledge and faith, which reflects the tragedy of Western European culture, which has forgotten about God and being. According to our hypothesis, behind the standard designations of such Soviet philosophical topics as “criticism of European rationalism”, “criticism of bourgeois aesthetics”, “criticism of non-Marxist concepts of dialectics”, etc. – a peculiar cultural-critical approach is traced, which, on the one hand, can be compared with the German Kulturkritik of the 20th century, and on the other hand, demonstrates the ontologism which is typical for the Russian philosophical tradition. We single out three elements of the philosophical project of P. Gaidenko: 1) criticism of mass society and the “tragedy of aestheticism”, 2) criticism of technocracy and “breakthrough to the transcendent”, 3) appeal to the ontologi­cal roots of reason and values. We propose to clarify them, outlining the ways of typological comparison with special discourses within the conservative criti­cism of modernity – in particular, criticism of massification, criticism of techno­logy, problems of value and worldview orientation.