МНОГОКРИТЕРИАЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ОЦЕНКЕ ВАРИАНТОВ ПРЯМОЙ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

Abstract

State financial support is one of the most important factors in the successful innovative development of enterprises. Such support may be indirect or direct. Indirect support includes measures implemented by the state, such as soft loans, special benefits, tax breaks, etc. Direct state support for the innovative activity of enterprises implies the direct use of state monetary and other resources for these purposes. Numerous ways of such support can be reduced to its two main variants, each of which has its pros and cons depending on the specific situation. The first variant of direct financial support by the state of innovative activity of enterprises covers the provision of non-refundable or reimbursable financial assistance to them. The second option is the implementation by the relevant state structures of investments in innovative projects initiated by business. This option involves the participation of the state in the capital of the innovative enterprise being formed. When choosing between these forms of state support for innovation, one should proceed from a multi-criteria assessment of the available options. For this purpose, the author formulated eight criteria, which, in his opinion, each of the alternative options for financial support by the state of an innovative enterprise should correspond to one degree or another. An integral indicator of such compliance can be an indicator of comparative efficiency, calculated by the scoring method using weight coefficients. The article provides a conditional example of calculating comparative efficiency indicators for the two indicated options - providing direct financial assistance to an innovative enterprise and investing public funds in its authorized capital. Based on the estimated expert assessments, the selected criteria were assigned weighting coefficients characterizing their relative importance. The assessment of the compliance of each of the options with the formulated criteria was made on a ten-point scale. On the basis of these two indicators, the comparative effectiveness of the considered options for state support of the innovative activity of the enterprise is determined, comments are given to the results obtained. The conditions necessary for the successful practical application of the proposed approach are noted, among which the main one is to reduce the degree of subjectivity of expert assessments by ensuring a sufficient number of qualified experts involved in assessing the comparative effectiveness of options for state financial support for innovation.