МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ПОМОЩЬ ПАЦИЕНТАМ С ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ ПРИ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ. АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР

Abstract

Significance. One of the directions for achieving the goal of eliminating HIV as a global epidemic by 2030-2035 is to intensify the delivery of all types of care to HIV-infected patients, including dental care, the organizational aspects of which, both in Russia and the world, are currently understudied. The purpose of the analytical review is to evaluate dental health of patients with HIV. Material and methods. The study used an information-analytical method with the search for relevant foreign and national publications in the following systems: e-Library, Ciberleninka, PubMed, Medline for the last 5 or more years by keywords; regulatory legal acts were obtained from the “ConsultantPlus” and “Garant” systems, information from the form of federal statistical observation # 61 was used as well. Results. Out of 145 publications offered by scientific search systems, 55 were selected; according to the selected publications there is a high demand for dental care in patients with HIV (96.0-100.0%). Thematic studies have elaborated on the clinical structure of lesions of the oral mucosa and maxillofacial area associated with HIV infection, as well as the epidemiological safety of medical staff and patients of dental clinics, are well studied (48 publications). The dental status of HIV-infected patients is somewhat less represented: the “caries-filling-removal” index, frequency of odontogenic interventions not related to HIV, stigmatization of patients, including by medical staff, etc. (11 sources). Organizational and methodological approaches to the organization of dental care delivery to HIV-infected patients have been investigated the least and are hardly developed: 2 studies by foreign authors, and 1 study by the national ones. Discussion. A high demand for dental care, stigmatization and lack of developments in organizational and methodological approaches to provision of dental care to HIV-infected patients result in a postponed dental care seeking and deteriorated dental status of these patients. Conclusion. The lack of a unified guideline, including legal provisions, makes the relevant specialists on the spur of the moment solve organizational issues and indicates the need to conduct appropriate scientific and practical research with the development of organizational and methodological approaches to providing dental care to HIV-infected patients, the results of which will contribute to improving the HIV control system both in Russia and abroad.