СКОРОЧЕННЯ ВИНОСУ ПИЛУ З ПОВЕРХОНЬ ХВОСТОСХОВИЩ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ ПІДГОТОВКИ ДО РЕКУЛЬТИВАЦІЇ

Abstract

Purpose. Analysis of issues of fixing the surfaces of sawdust tailings and their preparation for reclamation. Methods. The research is carried out on the basis of system and element-structural approaches with the use of generally accepted universal, specific scientific expert-analytical methods and modern methods of dust surface stabilization, expert-analytical methods and modern methods of dust surface stabilization. Results. The urgency of the problem of pollution of the air basin of Kryvyi Rih due to the removal of dust from the surfaces of tailings of mining and processing plants is considered. A brief description of these man-made neoplasms, such as unique man-made tracts; promising man-made deposits; objects of high potential ecological danger; powerful sources of pollution of environment; factors of degradation, fragmentation, transformation of flora and fauna; factors of formation of occupational risks, occupational and general morbidity of the population of the region. The factors influencing the processes of dust formation and determining the intensity of movement of dust fractions of tails are outlined. The purpose of the work is to analyze the issues of fixing the surfaces of sawdust tailings and their preparation for reclamation. A detailed description, characteristics, performance and disadvantages of the most common modern dust binders are given. The need for further search for long-acting agents that are able to effectively fix the surface of dust formation in all temperature ranges and in conditions of relatively low relative humidity and the surface layer of erosion-hazardous material is indicated. The prospects of using an aqueous solution of peat in order to fix the surfaces of tailings, rock dumps, prevention of dust in the air are determined. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the erosion-resistant coating based on the humate peat extract “Ideal” are analyzed. Recommendations on the method of using the tool, cost-effectiveness and advantages of the proposed technology as a component of preparation of man-made lands for reclamation are presented. It is established that the technology of treatment of tailings surfaces with peat-based solutions is able to: reduce the removal of dust into the air; promote the formation of a fertile layer of certain surfaces of tailings; potentiate the processes of natural overgrowth of man-made ecotopes; reduce the required amount of fertile soil during the reclamation of man-made objects after the end of service life, etc. The need for further comprehensive analysis of practical research results with detailing and concretization of basic generalizations is identified. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty is to adapt the use of an aqueous solution of peat for use in the conditions of GOK Kryvbas in order to reduce air pollution by dust on the one hand and prepare for biological reclamation of disturbed areas. Practical significance. The proposed technology of treatment of tailings surfaces with peat-based solutions can be used in the Kryvyi Rih industrial region and is able to reduce dust removal into the air.