ПАРАМЕТРИЧЕСКИЙ ГИДРОЛОКАТОР ТРАВЕРЗНОГООБЗОРА ДЛЯ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ И МОНИТОРИНГА РЫБНЫХ СКОПЛЕНИЙ НА МЕЛКОВОДЬЕ

Abstract

Currently, the state of Affairs for fishing for biological resources of the world's oceans is changing dramatically. Work related to environmental monitoring of marine areas is carried out at the Federal, regional, territorial and local levels. The main purpose of monitoring the state of water bodies is to provide competent authorities and nature users with information about the quantitative and species composition of living organisms, as well as information support for deci-sion-making procedures in the field of environmental protection and environmental safety. Sys-tematic generalization of information about the world's oceans, biological phenomena in the body of knowledge, is necessary for understanding the distribution, abundance and availability of fish. In order not to undermine the biological stocks of hydrobionts of the world's oceans, it is neces-sary to regularly conduct monitoring and research work on the quantitative accounting of biologi-cal resources, regulate quotas for fish and shellfish. Due to the complexity of accounting for bio-logical resources in shallow areas of The world ocean using existing instruments, issues related to the development and research of a traverse survey sonar for monitoring marine hydrobionts in shallow water are considered, since this topic is relevant, and the issue of preserving the biologi-cal diversity of reservoirs has become acute. The technology of traverse survey using sonar is characterized by a high degree of automation, information content, efficiency of research and low labor costs compared to traditional methods based on the use of trawls, dragging. It should also be noted that due to the use of this method, there is no injury to the inhabitants of reservoirs, since often injured hydrobionts die. In the traverse view sonar, a "non-petal " narrow- directional direc-tional pattern is formed in the parametric mode in the vertical plane, which allows increasing the range of action to 700 meters or more. And in the horizontal plane, to increase echo contact and search performance, a wide directional pattern (30–40 deg) is formed by using several pumping antennas installed at a certain angle relative to each other. The development and further applica-tion of the above-mentioned hydroacoustic device will allow creating a kind of database with in-formation about the territorial distribution of fish accumulations in shallow water areas. However, for the practical implementation and creation of such complex technical devices, a whole range of applied research and development work is required. The grandiosity of all that is connected with the human idea of the ocean, served as the basis for a widespread opinion about the unlimited and inexhaustible resources of the world's oceans. However, this opinion is not valid for biological resources. This is evidenced by signs of depletion of fish stocks and other fisheries in irrationally fished areas of the ocean.