КЛИНИКО-ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НОРМАЛЬНОГО ИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНА ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ПРАКТИКЕ ВРАЧА

Abstract

Immunostimulating (immunomodulatory) drugs belong to the group of immunotropic drugs, the therapeutic effect of which is associated with a predominant effect on the human immune system. Medicines based on human normal immunoglobulin are immunostimulatory drugs of natural origin. In the practice of a doctor, immunoglobulins are made from human plasma and are more often used in the form for intravenous and subcutaneous administration. Immunoglobulins differ in the ratio of various subclasses of immunoglobulins G (IgG), as well as immunoglobulin class A (IgA), individual immunoglobulins are enriched with antibodies of the IgM classes, and specific immunoglobulins contain a significantly larger amount of IgG class antibodies against certain pathogens than standard immunoglobulins. Approaches to the classification of immunoglobulins, the mechanism of action, indications, contraindications, as well as clinical and pharmacological features of the use of human normal immunoglobulin, drugs available on the market in the Republic of Belarus are described, recommendations are given for their use in clinical practice. The possibilities of using immunoglobulins as a replacement (for immunodeficiency states, agammaglobulinemia) and immunomodulatory (for autoimmune diseases) therapy are presented. The possibility of using intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Guillain-Barré syndrome, autoimmune polyneuropathy, diseases arising in oncological, surgical and obstetric practice, as well as for complex therapy of sepsis, including in newborns, is considered. Timely appointment of immunoglobulins in optimal doses will reduce the duration of therapy in patients with immunosuppression of various origins, reduce bleeding in immune thrombocytopenia.