Адверсативный пассив от глаголов направленного движения в казымском диалекте хантыйского языка

Abstract

Passive voice in Northern Khanty is a productive inflectional verbal category which marks re-arrangement in communicative roles of core event participants. A special feature of Khanty passive is its compatibility not only with transitive but also with intransitive verbs and, in particular, with verbs of motion. This study examines the passive voice construction with intransitive motion verbs in the Kazym dialect of Northern Khanty, with the data source being a survey of the speakers living in Kazym village, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russian Federation (20192020). The aim was to describe the mechanism of motion passivization and to explain the properties underlying the motion and its participants compared with the standard passive construction. It has been revealed that the passive construction of motion verbs is compatible only with goal-oriented motion verbs, i.e. verbs with the meaning of ‘arrival’, ‘coming in’, ‘coming out’ and ‘falling’ and not with other path verbs denoting ‘going’, ‘coming down’ or manner verbs meaning ‘flying’, ‘running’. Syntactically, this construction promotes the goal participant to subject position. Semantically, it raises the animate possessor of the goal which is affected by the motion event and demotes the subject of motion, which is an overtly expressed indefinite or non-referential entity and the source of the effect produced on the possessor of the goal. Typologically Khanty motion passive is similar to adversative passive constructions in Even and Japanese. However, it is less grammaticalized and more lexically restricted and, thus, might be regarded as an intermediate stage of development of such categories.