СЛЕДЫ ВОЕННОГО ОПЫТА НА АРТЕФАКТАХ: КРИТЕРИИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ЦЕННОСТИ И ПРАКТИКИ СОХРАНЕНИЯ

Abstract

The first part of the article is devoted to the study of a special group of historical and cultural artifacts that bear the traces of the impact of wars and armed conflicts. These «scars» of history are a rather contradictory phenomenon, on the one hand distorting the monument, and on the other, often supplementing and even strengthening the material form and value-semantic aura of the artifact. Within the framework of this article, an attempt is made to study the value-semantic nature of these scars and the mental and psychological characteristics of their perception; the archetypal foundations are also considered, which underlie the specific perception of military «scars» on the monuments of historical and cultural heritage. With regard to the presented group of monuments, there are various work practices in terms of their identification, preservation, restoration, exhibiting and popularization; among these, there are practices aimed at «erasing» the scars received by monuments in the course of historical and cultural collisions; there are also practices of preserving these traces of the impact of history; in addition, the practice of fragmentary preservation of war scars on artifacts finds their manifestation. The article contains a number of specific historical examples of the implementation of these practices, including both domestic and foreign experience of working with cultural heritage; the historical evolution of the practices of working with «scarred» monuments is also considered. Special attention is paid to the humanitarian and technological features of the popularization of «scarred» artifacts as «places of military memory»; the question is raised about the significance of this activity for national commemorative policy, for the preservation and intergenerational transmission of the system-forming value-semantic attitudes of the national culture. In the second part of the article, the main attention will be paid to the study of the practice of working with monuments of historical and cultural heritage with traces of military experience – based on the exposition and experience of the Central Naval Museum after the Emperor Peter the Great (St.-Petersburg).