Естественное возобновление лиственницы европейской за пределами ареала при минимальном количестве семенников

Abstract

The study of dissemination and success of natural regeneration of European larch outside its growing area, with a minimum supply of seed plants, is presented. It was analyzed that the success of natural regeneration of larch is affected by the absence of air sacs in pollen grains, this limits their dispersion at close distances and reduces the quality of seeds of the species, due to unsatisfactory pollination, more than fifty percent are dissimilar. It was found that the distance of maximum dissemination of European larch reaches 112–114 m. The undergrowth and self-seeding of European larch was represented by different height gradations. Half (49 %) of the recorded plants represent a gradation from 2 m and more, 36,5 % up to 1 meter in height, which indicates that the process of formation of the young generation of European larch can last up to 10 years, subject to the necessary conditions (good mineralized soil). Biometric measurements show that the leading position in height is occupied by birch, and the leader among conifers in height in height is Scotch pine. The dynamics of the annual growth of European larch until 2017 has a positive trend, after which it gradually decreases, from 38,6 cm to 24,7 cm in 2020, which is caused by the lack of silvicultural care, as well as the process of the emergence of new individuals of self-seeding, which is 23,5 % of accounted plants. In general, the natural regeneration of European larch and Scots pine under conditions of simple fresh subores (B2) has a higher growth energy than that of forest crops and undergrowth of European spruce.