Течение энтеровирусной инфекции у детей в Краснодарском крае на современном этапе

Abstract

Objective. To determine the clinical and epidemiologic features of the course of enterovirus infection (EVI) in Krasnodar Krai. Patients and methods. We analyzed the case histories of children who were treated in the State Budgetary Institution "SKDIB" of Krasnodar from January 2020 to November 2023. For the period from 01.01.2020 to 30.06.2022, out of 1560 patients with suspected acute infectious pathology, EVI was detected in 98 children, of whom boys accounted for 59.2% (n = 58), girls – 40.8% (n = 40). After removal of restrictions on new coronavirus infection from 01.07.2022 to November 2023, EVI was detected in 366 out of 2607 examined patients, of which boys accounted for 55.3% (n = 202), girls – 44.7% (n = 164). Most children (231, 63.1%) came from organized groups. In all forms of EVI, nasopharyngeal swabs, feces, and vesicle contents were examined by polymerase chain reaction; enterovirus RNA was detected in all patients. Molecular typing of enteroviruses was performed in the Federal Budgetary Institution "Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Krasnodar Krai". Results. It was revealed that exanthem and neurological forms prevailed during the given periods of observation.Of neurological lesions of EVI, enteroviral meningitis remains the leading form, which as an independent form occurred in 66.9% of cases, in combination with herpangina, exanthema, diarrhea – in 33.1%. The incidence rate of enteroviral meningitis for the period from 07.2022 to 11.2023 is 36.6%, the proportion of encephalitis increased to 2.7%. In the age structure of EVI cases for the period from 01.2020 to 06.2022, the main share was children aged 1 to 3 years old (42, 41.1%), for the period 07.2022–11.2023 – children from 4 to 6 years old (219, 59.9%). Conclusion. All age groups of children were involved in the epidemic process, but children aged 1 to 3 years (45.9%) and 7 to 14 years (22.4%) were sick more often, with the highest number of cases registered in preschool and school educational organizations. The greatest risk of developing severe forms of EVI is observed in children from risk groups. In recent years, there are still risks of epidemic rise in the incidence of exanthem and minor forms of EVI associated with the spread of Coxsackie A6, A16 and other viruses of the Coxsackie A and B species, the probability of spread of enterovirus A71 and possible resumption of circulation of EUNO 30 virus cannot be excluded. Key words: children, enterovirus infection, enteroviral exanthema, enteroviral meningitis, clinic