Основные тенденции в развитии мировой торговли и структурные особенности российского экспорта

Abstract

Global trends and structural shifts in the development of international trade, which have a fundamental character, and will continue to develop for more than a decade, are considered. It is noted that significant changes were particularly impressive in the communication sphere, which, in turn, affected the most socially sensitive sector of the economy - services. The article analyzes the causes of crisis phenomena in the multilateral system of trade regulation based on liberalization and harmonization of rules for traditional forms of trade, as well as the growth of protectionism in the conditions of the formation of trade continents - modern forms of regional agreements. The article deals with the influence of regionalism scaling on the narrowing of the free market space and the aggravation of problems of interaction between economic agents. The risks associated with the slowdown in world trade and the application of trade restrictions, as well as problems in the regulation of global trade, are considered. Special attention is paid to the dynamics of changes in the structure of Russian exports; and there is a clear discrepancy between the structures of Russian exports to global demand. It is assumed that this effect can be explained by increased competition in the world market, slowly recovering from the crisis, deepening stagnation of the domestic output, widening technological gap, as well as accumulated internal problems that have reduced the dynamism and capabilities of the Russian economy. Attention is drawn to the fact that among the TOP 10 non-raw material Russian exporters, there are no enterprises which activities are related to digital technologies, in contrast to the results of world rankings that put technology companies in the foreground.