Abstract
Tissue- and species-specific features of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity, as well as levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were investigated in the hepatopancreas, gills and foot of the three Black Sea bivalve mollusks, cockle Cerastoderma glaucum, mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and ark dam ark dam kagoshimensis, sharing a high natural oxidative stress tolerance. Cockle tissues displayed a far lower TBARS level compared to that in the mussel and ark dam, with values increasing in a cockle–ark dam–mussel sequence. Out of the three bivalve species, a highest activity of both antioxidant enzymes was detected in all cockle tissues. The ark dam and cockle, as burrowing mollusks, shared similar tissue specificity, displaying a highest activity of both enzymes in the gills. The ark dam was appreciably superior to the mussel as to SOD and catalase activity in the gills but inferior in terms of SOD activity in the hepatopancreas and foot. The revealed features reflect different oxidative stress tolerance of the bivalves studied here in their natural habitats. Highest oxidative stress sensitivity was found in the mussel. By contrast, the cockle was distinguished by a highest oxidative stress tolerance, while the ark dam took an intermediate position. These species-specific features enable mollusks to successfully adapt to oxidative stress, which often occurs in the benthic biotopes of the Black Sea.
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