Мхи лесов юго-западного побережья Байкала (Иркутская область) и их экологическое распределение

Abstract

Forest moss flora of the southwestern coast of Lake Baikal is diverse both from a floristic and ecological point of view. 211 moss species are identified in the territory, of which 5 are listed in the Red Book of the Irkutsk Region [2020]. The forest types of the study area with their moss species diversity, as well as the ecotopes occupied by bryophytes are considered in detail. Light-coniferous forests are widespread in the study area with a total of 100 moss species found. These are mainly representatives of the families: Bryaceae (9 species), Dicranaceae (8), etc. Dark-coniferous forests, which spread along the river valleys (especially in the head reaches), participate in the formation of the upper forest border. There are 74 moss species in these forests, of which representatives of the families Dicranaceae (8), Sphagnaceae (6), Mniaceae (6), etc. prevail. Mixed forests are widely represented. Most of these are secondary forests. 121 leafy moss species grow in the mixed forests. These are mainly representatives of the families: Dicranaceae (15), Mniaceae (11), and Brachytheciaceae (10). In total, 132 moss species grow on the forest soil. The soil cover dominants in all the forest types are quite common mass species: Abietnella abietina (Hedw.) M. Fleisch., Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Bruch et al., Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. and Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske are less often found. All of them are the boreal flora representatives. In places with sufficient moisture, the projective moss cover can reach 70–95%. 38 moss species are found on the exposed ground. 56 epixil and 42 epiphytic moss species are found. Epilithic species make up a significant part of the forest moss flora (142 species). It is explained by the presence of a large number of rocky substrates. The distribution of epilithic species is greatly influenced by air humidity, illumination, and the presence of fine-earth humus material