ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ НАРОЩЕННЯ РЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ БАНКУ ЗА РАХУНОК АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЦЕСУ ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ ЗАОЩАДЖЕНЬ НАСЕЛЕННЯ

Abstract

At present, the economy of Ukraine needs to attract significant financial resources and the Ukrainian financial system has them, but in a frozen state. This is the household savings in the cash form. The problem is to convert unorganized household savings into bank resources, which will meet the needs of economic entities in borrowed funds and at the same time allow citizens to receive additional income, which will lead to increased consumer demand. The purpose of this article is the development of theoretical and methodological principles and practical proposals for the transformation of household savings into banking resources. However, it is necessary to identify the factors of the formation of household savings, the main of which is undoubtedly the level of income. Certainly, the income of the population plays a significant role in the development of the whole country. And it is the level of economic development of the country that determines the motivation of households in the creation of savings. In addition, the amount of savings is also influenced by other factors, such as the level of income taxation, deposit and credit interest rates, the age structure of the population, etc. The article has analyzed the dynamics of incomes and savings of the population from 2005 to 2019, as well as the monetary aggregate M0 as a potential resource of commercial banks. It was determined that the amount of monetary aggregate M0 in 2005 amounted to UAH 60.2 billion, and by the end of 2019, this figure exceeded the mark of UAH 384.4 billion. The monetary aggregate M0 includes cash in circulation outside deposit-taking corporations, which includes funds of the population, which under certain conditions may become a banking resource. At the same time, the ratio of the monetary aggregate M0 and M3 in Ukraine during 2005-2019 remains consistently high - at 27%. Interestingly, that only about 50% of the population's savings become resources of banks. While businesses are looking for affordable sources of financing their investments, much of the savings are accumulated in the form of national and foreign currency. This is due to the low attractiveness of alternative investment options for the population (in private pension funds, life insurance, mutual investment institutions, real estate, etc.) bank deposits will remain the main means of investment soon. However, the formation of the resource potential of banks based on household savings should be based on a combination of tools at all levels of the hierarchy, such as the influence of the NBU, the banking sector, and individual banks.