ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИХ ОБРАБОТОК ПОЧВЫ ПРИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИИ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ НА ЧЕРНОЗЁМАХ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

Abstract

The article presents data about the efficiency of cultivation of winter wheat depending on the ways of the main processing of the soil, applying fertilizers and chemical fertilizers of «Fitotrix». The studies were conducted in 2018-2020, on chernozem heavy loamy soils. As a result of the studies, it was found that the comb-back treatment was more effective in terms of the effect on the productivity of winter wheat, where the average yield was 4.55 t/ha. The variants with shallow and surface treatment were not inferior in terms of yield size to the control (autumn plowing by 20-22 cm). Mineral fertilizers at a dose of N30P30K30 had a positive effect on the development of plants and provided an increase in the productivity of the culture studied in the experiment relative to the non-fertilized background by an average of 0.61 t/ha. Treatment of plants with «Fitotrix» increased grain production on a non-fertilized background by 0.41 t/ha, against the background of N30P30K30 by 0.89 t/ha. The greatest responsiveness in the collection of grain from fertilizers was observed in the variants of comb-back processing and surface disking, where the increases were 0.68 – 0.89 t/ha against the background of N30P30K30 application, and 1.05 t/ha against the background of N30P30K30 + Fitotrix. The use of resource-saving treatments provided significant cost savings as compared to plowing. Production costs were reduced by 10% when performing comb-cutting, flat-cutting and surface treatment with a disc harrow by 12-14%. Profit per 1 ha and energy efficiency ratio increased by 8-10% and 8-9%, respectively.