Особливості водоспоживання пайзи, амаранту та кормових бобів при вирощуванні на осушуваних землях

Abstract

Goal. To determine the characteristics of water consumption of highly productive fodder crops (barnyard grass, amaranth, and fodder beans) for their cultivation on drained lands. Methods. System analysis, generalization of knowledge and materials of scientific research on the peculiarities of water consumption of crops. Results. The values of the total water consumption of barnyard grass, amaranth, and fodder beans according to the phases of their development for the natural and climatic conditions of Polissia (reclamation system of the Sarnensk research station of the Institute of Water Problems and Reclamation (IWPR) of the National Academy of Sciences, Rivne oblast) were established, which are 466, 308 and 432 mm, respectively, and Forest-steppe (drying and humidifying system “Romen”, Sumy oblast) — 291, 272 and 279 mm, respectively. It was proven that the maximum water consumption of barnyard grass, amaranth and fodder beans falls on the II phase of intensive accumulation of organic matter and is 41–54% of its total value. It was established that the critical period for the cultivation of barnyard grass, amaranth, and forage beans was the period from the third decade of June to the third decade of July, therefore, for the formation of a crop of fodder crops at that time, it was necessary to ensure the maintenance of moisture in the root layer of the soil within optimal limits. The dependence of the formation of the green mass of barnyard grass, amaranth, and fodder beans on the amount of their water consumption during the growing season was obtained. Conclusions. Taking into account the characteristics of water consumption of barnyard grass, amaranth, and fodder beans and its distribution by months and decades of the growing season for the natural climatic conditions of the Polissia and Forest Steppe zones will make it possible to solve the task of managing the water regime of the soil and their differentiated and reliable moisture supply for cultivation on drained lands in the conditions of modern climatic changes.