ДО ПИТАННЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ БЕЗПЕКИ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ БУДІВЕЛЬ І СПОРУД В УМОВАХ ВИСОКИХ ТЕМПЕРАТУР

Abstract

Purpose. Determination of the influence of technical characteristics of building materials and structures when assessing the safety of operation of buildings and structures in conditions of elevated temperatures. Methodology. During the research, the following methods were used: methods of determining the fire hazard of building materials; standard methods of testing the physical and mechanical properties of building materials; analysis of literary sources and statistical analysis (classification of building materials according to degree of flammability and properties; physical property of burning of various building materials; physico-chemical process of flame propagation during burning of various building materials by stages); etc. Results. It has been determined that foreign methods of testing materials and structures are not universal and do not allow to fully obtain the necessary information from the tested material, which complicates the real assessment of their technical characteristics, including fire safety, and requires improvement. From the point of view of labor protection and safety, our analysis of the fire hazard of construction materials and structures showed that the problem of ensuring labor protection at enterprises due to fire protection concerns a number of structures made of concrete and reinforced concrete, asbestos cement, brick, metal, wood, plastics, etc. This problem is most relevant for structures made of metal (steel and aluminum alloys), wood, plastics, and more and more recently used translucent facade structures. Scientific novelty. The main areas of ensuring the safe operation of buildings and structures, taking into account state regulations, have been determined. Practical significance. A comprehensive assessment of the safety of the operation of buildings and structures, building materials and structures under the influence of high temperatures has been carried out.